Methods are provided where: a signal is transmitted from an illuminating source and received cavity waveguides disposed on an object; a position and/or orientation of the object is determined based on the signal received in the waveguides; and data representing the determined position and/or orientation is transmitted to a remote location or generated for use in the object. The illuminating source can also be moved to indicate a change in a predetermined trajectory or target position where a new position and/or orientation of the object is determined based on the signal received in the waveguides and the object is controlled to change the predetermined trajectory or target position to the indicated new predetermined trajectory or new target position. A change can also be detected in the predetermined trajectory or target position and the object controlled to correct the change.